The purpose of this research was to investigate the relationship between physical activity and emotional intelligence in athlete students and comparison with non-athlete students. To this purpose, in a causalcomparison research in 2015, 60 female athlete (35 unmarried and 25 married; age: 35.17±5.16 years) and 60 female non-athlete (Age, 35.17±5.16 years; 37 unmarried and 23 married; age: 36.92±5.41 years) among all female students of Payame-Noor University of Nehbandan was selected.Petrides-Farnham emotional Intelligence Questionnaire (PFEIQue) was used to measure emotional intelligence.Data was analyzed with SPSS software (version 18) and independent t-test at the significant level P<0.05.Results showed a significant difference between athlete and non-athlete students in some subscales of emotional intelligence. The subscales of optimism and evaluate emotions of non-athletes was significantly higher than athletes (p<0.05). This research suggests that some subscales of emotional intelligence were more in non-athletes than athletes. However, more research is needed to investigate more precisely.

The aim of this research was to examine the effect of yoga training on psychological well-being and happiness of near retirement employees in a big industrial company of Ahvaz. The design of this study was experimental, with pre-test, post-test and control group. The population of this study was male employees near retirement who worked in a big industrial company of Ahvaz. The research sample was consisted of 30 persons who were selected by simple random sampling method. These samples were randomly divided into 2 groups (experimental and control groups). The instruments were used: Scale Psychological Well-being (SPWB) and Oxford Happiness Inventory (OHI). First pre-test was conducted on 2 groups. Afterward the experimental intervention was performed on experimental group (consisted of 10 sessions of Yoga training). Post-test was performed. For date analysis, multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) was used. The result showed that there was a significant difference between 2 groups. Therefore it can be said that Yoga training increased psychological well-being and happiness of experimental group in comparison with control group. According to result of this research the Yoga training as the combined of positive psychology and cognitive theory can increase the rate of psychological well-being and happiness in near retirement employees.

Happiness is most basic concept investigated in positive psychology. The GOAL of present study was to examine motivational dimensions of happiness. To achieve this purpose, the effect of GOAL ORIENTATIONs included mastery, performance-approach, and performance-avoidance on happiness were studied. Participants were 490 students, including 280 girls and 210 boys, selected from different colleges of Shiraz University. The measures of study were revised version of Oxford Happiness Questionnaire (OHQ-R) and Achievement GOAL Questionnaire (AGQ). Cranach alpha coefficient was calculated in order to determine of reliability of the measures. For testing validity of the instruments factor analysis and item-total correlation methods were used. Additionally, convergent validity of OHQ-R was considered by calculating correlation between this measure and Andrew and Withy single item questionnaire. The results showed acceptable reliability and validity of instruments. By using simultaneous multiple regression method, regression of happiness on different GOALs was calculated. Results showed that mastery GOAL, positively, and performance-avoidance GOAL, negatively, were, significant predictors of happiness. In relation to performance approach GOAL, direction of prediction was positive but amount of it was low. These results confirmed the research hypothesis about the effects of GOALs on happiness and motivational dimensions of it, too.

The aim of this study was to examine the relationship of GOAL ORIENTATION and perceived motivational climate with sportsmanship ORIENTATION indexes. Participants were 366 male athletes (mean age=17.51±2.47) who were selected using cluster random method. The subjects completed Task and Ego ORIENTATION in Sport (TEOSQ), Perceived Motivational Climate (PMCQ) questionnaire and Multidimensional Sportsmanship ORIENTATION Scale (MOSO) respectively. Pearson correlation coefficient showed a positive significant relationship of task ORIENTATION and perceived task motivational climate with respecting sport rules and regulations, respecting the opponents, and respecting social conventions (p£0.01). Regression analysis revealed that perceived task motivational climate was the only predictor of respecting rules and regulations, respecting the opponents, and respecting social conventions (p£0.01). In conclusion, athletes in a task motivational climate will be more willing to act morally and observe sportsmanship ORIENTATION.

Introduction: Research has shown that students face situations in which they cannot meet their needs and need the help of others to do their exercises. The present study aimed to investigate the factors affecting students' help-seeking at both the student and parent levels. Methods: In this correlation study, 400 female the first round of high school students in the seventh and eighth grades in the academic year 2019-2020 were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling from 16 classes in different schools in Yazd. Students completed the Rya and Pintrich Help-Seeking Questionnaire and the Student and Parental Achievement GOAL ORIENTATION Questionnaire Midgley et al. In the present study, two-level analyses (student and parents) and HLM software were used to analyze the data. Results: Findings from multilevel analysis and according to the unconditional model revealed that27% of the variance of help-seeking was explained by family-level factors and 73% by student-level factors, which indicates sufficient variability of the dependent variable between different levels and application, but with the entry of student and family level predictors and examining their relationship with the dependent variable, the rate of explanation in the complete model for student level variables to 6% and the family level to 18% changed. At the student level, the variables of mastery and performance-avoidance GOAL ORIENTATION significantly predicted help-seeking (P<0. 001). Parents’ mastery and performance GOAL ORIENTATION at the family level was a significant predictor for help-seeking at this level (P<0. 001). Conclusion: Due to the positive significance of parental mastery GOAL ORIENTATION, it is appropriate to provide conditions in families for students to emphasize mastery GOAL ORIENTATION and seek help in the face of complex learning tasks.

Educational procrastination as a sign of deficiency in self regulation is considered as a prevalent educational problem. GOAL ORIENTATION, on the other hand, is one of the constituent elements of self regulation. To determine the role of different GOAL ORIENTATIONs in educational procrastination, a sample of 255 graduate students in different areas of study was selected and two measures of educational procrastination and GOAL ORIENTATION were administered. A regression analysis of the collected data revealed that performance-avoidance and mastery-avoidance ORIENTATIONs are positive predictors, while the mastery approach ORIENTATION is a negative predictor of educational procrastination. Results also indicated a difference between males and females in the way the two constructs (i.e. educational procrastination and GOAL ORIENTATION) are related.

The main purpose of this study was designed to investigate the effect of individual learning GOAL ORIENTATION with mediating role of individual learning GOAL ORIENTATION climate and the effect of individual performance-prove ORIENTATION and individual performance-avoid ORIENTATION with mediating role of avoid-prove performance ORIENTATION on job performance and subjective occupational success. Data collected from 175 employees of service organizational. Structural equation modeling (SEM) through AMOS 18 and SPSS 18 software package were used for data analysis. The indirect effects were tested using the bootstrap procedure in Preacher and Hayes (2008) SPSS Macro program for multiple mediation. Finding indicated that the proposed model fit the data. The results indicate that, the organizational to increase job performance and occupational success, should be provide learning and performance- prove ORIENTATION climate until facilitate learning and performance prove ORIENTATION. Also, the organizational to reduce the negative effects of individual performance-avoid ORIENTATION on job performance and occupational success, should be decrease performance-avoid ORIENTATION climate.